Come back for simple guides on making finances and taxes easy for your rental properties.
Here are some common tax and accounting terms you may come across in dealing with your rental.
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1
$600 threshold for reporting

New, lower Form 1099-K threshold

Read more
Form 1099-K, Payment Card and Third Party Network Transactions
Top 10
1
101 hour test

If you participate more than 100 hours during the year are you participate at least as much as any other person.

Read more
1
1099-K

A 1099-K form is a record that a third-party payment network transferred at least $600 to you during the year.

Read more
Top 10
1
1099-NEC

Beginning in the 2020 tax year, Form 1099-NEC is the IRS form used by businesses to report payments made to independent contractors, freelancers, sole proprietors, and self-employed individuals. Prior to 2020, nonemployee compensation was reported in box 7 on Form 1099-MISC.

Read more
1
25,000 offset

Allows a landlord‘s to deduct up to $25,000 in rental losses each year. Only if your modified adjusted gross income is less than $100,000

Read more
1
500 hour test

If you participated in the activity for more than 500 hours during the year. A typical work year has 2000 hours. So 500 hours represents about a quarter of a full-time job.

Read more
1
Adaptation

Altering your property to a use that is not consistent with it's original intended ordinary use. For example converting a garage or basement to a guestroom.

Read more
Remodel, Renovation
1
Additional medicare tax

An addtional 0.9% individual’s wages, compensation, or self-employment income over a certain over a certain threshold (200k 2021 single), put in place 2013

Read more
1
Adjusted gross income (AGI)

Line 11 on 1040. It’s an important number because other taxes are often based off it.

Read more
1
Annual loss limits

Depending on the year there may be an annual limit on the total business losses you’re allowed to take on your tax return

Read more
1
Betterment

Fxing a pre-existing defect or condition. Including expanding your property or increasing the quality or capacity of your property.

Read more
Remodel, Renovation
1
Bolton method

An option method to allocate the rental use percentage of your mortage interest and property tax.

Read more
1
Bonus depreciation

Bonus depreciation is a tax incentive that allows a business to immediately deduct a large percentage of the purchase price of eligible assets.

Read more
additional first year depreciation deduction.
Top 10
1
Business entity

A pass-through business entity is often created to own property. S corporations, partnerships and limited liability companies (LLCs) are the most popular types of entities. They are also called a "disregarded entity."

Read more
1
Co-owner

If property is owned by more than one person, the income and deductions must be allocated according to how much of the property they own.

Read more
Multiple owners, spouse
1
Community property states

If you live in a Community property state, (Arizona, California, Idaho, Louisiana, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin.) you may file as one Schedule C.

Read more
1
Daily maid service

Daily maid service would be cleaning you provide daily, while the tenant is occupying the rental.

Read more
Top 10
1
De minimis safe harbor

The ability to currently deduct any low-cost items in your rental activity. $2500 per item is clean by filing election with your return

Read more
1
Depreciation

Depreciation is the process in which you deduct a portion of the expenses over time. You must do this for long-term assests. Depreciation is not optional.

Read more
Top 10
1
Depreciation recapture

When you sell your home at a profit you will be required to pay tax on the amount of depreciation you took over the years.

Read more
1
Dwelling unit

A house, apartment, condominium, mobile home, boat or similar property and all structures or other properties that accompany, such as a garage or studio.

Read more
1
Economic injury disaster loans (EIDL)

EIDL are not forgiven they must be paid back. Interest on EIDL loans are a tax deductible expense.

Read more
1
Estimated tax

If you expect to owe at least $1000 in income tax on your rental activity, you many need to pay estimated taxes to the IRS.

Read more
Backup witholding, W-9
Top 10
1
Federal income taxes

If you rent your property more than 14 days you’ll have to pay federal income tax on the net rental income. This is why it’s important to deduct as many expenses allowable.

Read more
1
Gross rental income limitation

Your total rental income minus the rental portion of mortgage interest real estate taxes and direct expenses not related to use at home itself.

Read more
1
Grouping properties

If you own multiple rental properties you can group them together as one single activity. Generally you group short term with short term and long term and long term you have to file election with your tax return

Read more
1
Home sale tax exclusion

You may be able to exclude capital gain from the sale of your main home.

Read more
1
Home sale tax exclusion

If you own and occupy your home as your primary residence for at least any of the two or the five years before you sell it you don’t have to pay in contraction of certain limits

Read more
1
Hotel business rules

If you determine that you are in the hotel business you will have to file Schedule C and be subject to Self-employment taxes. However, there are some benefits, such as the ability to deduct your losses from non-rental income. Not subject to NII Tax.

Read more
1
Hotel-like services

See Substantial services.

Read more
Top 10
1
Improvements

An improvement is when a property undergoes a betterment, adaption or restoration. These terms are defined by the IRS and will help you distinguish between improvement and a repair.

Read more
Remodel, Renovation
1
Is it a business?

Your rental activity must be continuous and regular to qualify as a business.

Read more
1
Is it an investment?

Sporadic or irregular activities may be considered an investment not a business. Investments are not able to claim all the same deductions as a business.

Read more
1
Listed property

The IRS identified certain property as typically mixed personal use. Cars, boats, planes, motorcycles and any other entertainment or recreational property. This includes things such as cameras and video equipment

Read more
1
Local and state occupancy taxes

Taxes charged by your state, city, county or other local government. They are separate than the federal income tax and are collected by your state or local government.

Read more
occupancy tox, rental lodging tax, hotel tax, or or sales tax, room tax, gross receipts tax, bed tax, transaction privilege tax, tourist tax
1
Long term assets

Things that you use for your rental activity that have a life for more than one year.

Read more
1
Main home

Principal residence.

Read more
1
Material part of the payments made by the tenant

Worth at least 10% of the total rent paid by the guests.

Read more
Top 10
1
Materially participate

If you’re involved in day to day operations in a regular continuous and substantial basis.

Read more
1
Medicare taxes

2.9% for Medicare

Read more
1
Net investment income tax

The NII tax is a seperate 3.8% income tax on unearned income. It is paid by individuals with a modified adjusted gross income over a certain amount.

Read more
NII
1
Nonrental income

You may be able to deduct some of your losses from nonrental income, but there are rules around how to do this.

Read more
non-rental income
1
Not-in-use days

Days the property is vacant. Days the property is offered for rent, but not rented, Days used for repairs and maintenance.

Read more
1
Pass-through deduction

Rule that allows you to deduct from your income tax up to 20% of you net income from your rental activity.

Read more
QBI Deduction, 199A Deduction, pass through
Top 10
1
Paycheck protection program (PPP) loans

Most PPP loans have been, and will be, apparently forgiven by the SBA. SBA loans are completely tax-free for the host. PPP borrowers do not have to list PPP loans on the tax returns.

Read more
1
Personal use days

Days you use the property. Days you rent the property for less than fair market value. Days family members use the property.

Read more
Personal day
1
Personal use threshold

The number of days in which your personal use exceeds rental use. The maximum number of day you can personally use the property is 34 days.

Read more
1
Phaseout

Where a tax benefit is gradually reduced for higher income brackets.

Read more
1
Property basis

What the property is worth for tax purposes

Read more
1
Prorating

You must prorate your expenses if you are only renting a portion of the property, or if you have co-owners

Read more
Top 10
1
Qualified business income (QBI)

A tax deduction that allows eligible self-employed and small-business owners to deduct up to 20% of their qualified business income on their taxes.

Read more
Top 10
1
Qualified joint venture

Married couples may choose to be taxed as a qualified joint venture. If they do so they will be each be treated as a separate sole proprietor and file Separate Schedule Cs. This way they don’t have to file a partnership return.

Read more
1
Real estate professional

Real estate professionals are exempt from the NII tax if you immaterial participate in your activity and the activity is a business.

Read more
1
Rental loss

If your tax deductible expenses exceed your rental income for the year.

Read more
Deducting lossses
1
Rental use days

Any day you rent your property at fair market value.

Read more
Rental day
1
Rental use percentage

The percentage of rental days over personal days plus not in use days not in his days

Read more
1
Repairs and maintenance

Repairs and maintenance are expenses to keep your property up and running. They are deductible in the year that you incur them.

Read more
1
Repairs and maintenance days

Any day use been working at least eight hours maintaining your property. They are not counted as personal days. Speaking to tenants and realtors are also not personal use this.

Read more
1
Restoration

Replacing substantial structural part of your property or rebuilding a substantial portion of your property to like-new condition. Typically if more than 30% of the properties is changed is it a restoration.

Read more
Remodel, Renovation
1
Routine maintenance safe harbor

Expenses that qualify as retained maintenance are deductible in a single year. No dollar limites

Read more
1
Safe harbor for small taxpayers

You may currently deduct annual expenses for repairs maintenance improvements and other cost. limited to $1 million bill building limit subject to any minutes you can claim it some years and not others you need to document and attach something to your return

Read more
1
Schedule C

Vacation rental owners will use this form if they provide "hotel like" services. It is the form for "Profit or Loss From Business."

Read more
Profit or Loss from Business (Sole Proprietorship), Contractor, Gig, 1099, Independent Contractor, Nonemployee compensation, NEC
1
Schedule E

Most vacation rental owners will use this form. It is the form for "Supplemental Income and Loss, from rental real estate, royalties, partnerships, S corporations, etc"

Read more
Top 10
1
Section 179 expensing

These IRS rules allow you to immediately write off long-term assets.

Read more
Top 10
1
Self employment taxes

The self-employment tax rate is 15.3%. The rate consists of two parts: 12.4% for social security and 2.9% for Medicare.

Read more
1
Seperate credit card account

Use a separate credit card for rental activity expenses instead of mixing them on a personal card. Credit card interest is 100% deductible.

Read more
1
Seperate rental bank account

Set up a separate chicken count for your rental activity. This is one of the easiest things you can do to separate your personal and mental activity.

Read more
1
Short-term rental

Short-term is most commonly defined as less than 30 days.

Read more
Vacation rental, short term
1
Significant services

Hotel-like srevices provided for your guests' convenience.Maid service, Meals or snacks, laundry services, concierge services, transportation, amenities like linens, irons, hangers. If the services is more than 10% of the rental income.

Read more
1
Social security taxes

12.4% for Social Security

Read more
1
Substantial services

Same as Hotel-like services. Services that are provided for the guest's convenience. Such, as providing daily maid service. It is also be defined as "a material part (>10%) of the payments made by the tenant".

Read more
Top 10
1
Substantially all test

If you did substantially all the work in activity during the year.

Read more
1
Tax cuts and jobs act (TCJA)

Changes to the tax code that took effect in 2018

Read more
1
Tax deferral

Tax deferral means that you put off or delay the payment of taxes. Eventually you will have to pay it, but you can move it to the future.

Read more
1
Tax reduction

Tax reduction permananetly reduces ithe amount of tax you need to pay.

Read more
1
Used as a residence

A dwelling unit is considered a residence if you used it personally for at least 34 days during the year. If used personally for more than 14 days or more than 10% of a number of days during which the property is rented for for a rental which ever is greater.

Read more
1
Vacation home rules

If you live in your property substantially more of the time then you write it out to others. Please see his chart.

Read more
If you live in your home substantially more than you rent it for.

$600 threshold for reporting

New, lower Form 1099-K threshold

101 hour test

If you participate more than 100 hours during the year are you participate at least as much as any other person.

1099-K

A 1099-K form is a record that a third-party payment network transferred at least $600 to you during the year.

1099-NEC

Beginning in the 2020 tax year, Form 1099-NEC is the IRS form used by businesses to report payments made to independent contractors, freelancers, sole proprietors, and self-employed individuals. Prior to 2020, nonemployee compensation was reported in box 7 on Form 1099-MISC.

25,000 offset

Allows a landlord‘s to deduct up to $25,000 in rental losses each year. Only if your modified adjusted gross income is less than $100,000

500 hour test

If you participated in the activity for more than 500 hours during the year. A typical work year has 2000 hours. So 500 hours represents about a quarter of a full-time job.

Adaptation

Altering your property to a use that is not consistent with it's original intended ordinary use. For example converting a garage or basement to a guestroom.

Additional medicare tax

An addtional 0.9% individual’s wages, compensation, or self-employment income over a certain over a certain threshold (200k 2021 single), put in place 2013

Adjusted gross income (AGI)

Line 11 on 1040. It’s an important number because other taxes are often based off it.

Annual loss limits

Depending on the year there may be an annual limit on the total business losses you’re allowed to take on your tax return

Betterment

Fxing a pre-existing defect or condition. Including expanding your property or increasing the quality or capacity of your property.

Bolton method

An option method to allocate the rental use percentage of your mortage interest and property tax.

Bonus depreciation

Bonus depreciation is a tax incentive that allows a business to immediately deduct a large percentage of the purchase price of eligible assets.

Business entity

A pass-through business entity is often created to own property. S corporations, partnerships and limited liability companies (LLCs) are the most popular types of entities. They are also called a "disregarded entity."

Co-owner

If property is owned by more than one person, the income and deductions must be allocated according to how much of the property they own.

Community property states

If you live in a Community property state, (Arizona, California, Idaho, Louisiana, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin.) you may file as one Schedule C.

Daily maid service

Daily maid service would be cleaning you provide daily, while the tenant is occupying the rental.

De minimis safe harbor

The ability to currently deduct any low-cost items in your rental activity. $2500 per item is clean by filing election with your return

Depreciation

Depreciation is the process in which you deduct a portion of the expenses over time. You must do this for long-term assests. Depreciation is not optional.

Depreciation recapture

When you sell your home at a profit you will be required to pay tax on the amount of depreciation you took over the years.

Dwelling unit

A house, apartment, condominium, mobile home, boat or similar property and all structures or other properties that accompany, such as a garage or studio.

Economic injury disaster loans (EIDL)

EIDL are not forgiven they must be paid back. Interest on EIDL loans are a tax deductible expense.

Estimated tax

If you expect to owe at least $1000 in income tax on your rental activity, you many need to pay estimated taxes to the IRS.

Federal income taxes

If you rent your property more than 14 days you’ll have to pay federal income tax on the net rental income. This is why it’s important to deduct as many expenses allowable.

Gross rental income limitation

Your total rental income minus the rental portion of mortgage interest real estate taxes and direct expenses not related to use at home itself.

Grouping properties

If you own multiple rental properties you can group them together as one single activity. Generally you group short term with short term and long term and long term you have to file election with your tax return

Home sale tax exclusion

You may be able to exclude capital gain from the sale of your main home.

Home sale tax exclusion

If you own and occupy your home as your primary residence for at least any of the two or the five years before you sell it you don’t have to pay in contraction of certain limits

Hotel business rules

If you determine that you are in the hotel business you will have to file Schedule C and be subject to Self-employment taxes. However, there are some benefits, such as the ability to deduct your losses from non-rental income. Not subject to NII Tax.

Hotel-like services

See Substantial services.

Improvements

An improvement is when a property undergoes a betterment, adaption or restoration. These terms are defined by the IRS and will help you distinguish between improvement and a repair.

Is it a business?

Your rental activity must be continuous and regular to qualify as a business.

Is it an investment?

Sporadic or irregular activities may be considered an investment not a business. Investments are not able to claim all the same deductions as a business.

Listed property

The IRS identified certain property as typically mixed personal use. Cars, boats, planes, motorcycles and any other entertainment or recreational property. This includes things such as cameras and video equipment

Local and state occupancy taxes

Taxes charged by your state, city, county or other local government. They are separate than the federal income tax and are collected by your state or local government.

Long term assets

Things that you use for your rental activity that have a life for more than one year.

Main home

Principal residence.

Material part of the payments made by the tenant

Worth at least 10% of the total rent paid by the guests.

Materially participate

If you’re involved in day to day operations in a regular continuous and substantial basis.

Medicare taxes

2.9% for Medicare

Net investment income tax

The NII tax is a seperate 3.8% income tax on unearned income. It is paid by individuals with a modified adjusted gross income over a certain amount.

Nonrental income

You may be able to deduct some of your losses from nonrental income, but there are rules around how to do this.

Not-in-use days

Days the property is vacant. Days the property is offered for rent, but not rented, Days used for repairs and maintenance.

Pass-through deduction

Rule that allows you to deduct from your income tax up to 20% of you net income from your rental activity.

Paycheck protection program (PPP) loans

Most PPP loans have been, and will be, apparently forgiven by the SBA. SBA loans are completely tax-free for the host. PPP borrowers do not have to list PPP loans on the tax returns.

Personal use days

Days you use the property. Days you rent the property for less than fair market value. Days family members use the property.

Personal use threshold

The number of days in which your personal use exceeds rental use. The maximum number of day you can personally use the property is 34 days.

Phaseout

Where a tax benefit is gradually reduced for higher income brackets.

Property basis

What the property is worth for tax purposes

Prorating

You must prorate your expenses if you are only renting a portion of the property, or if you have co-owners

Qualified business income (QBI)

A tax deduction that allows eligible self-employed and small-business owners to deduct up to 20% of their qualified business income on their taxes.

Qualified joint venture

Married couples may choose to be taxed as a qualified joint venture. If they do so they will be each be treated as a separate sole proprietor and file Separate Schedule Cs. This way they don’t have to file a partnership return.

Real estate professional

Real estate professionals are exempt from the NII tax if you immaterial participate in your activity and the activity is a business.

Rental loss

If your tax deductible expenses exceed your rental income for the year.

Rental use days

Any day you rent your property at fair market value.

Rental use percentage

The percentage of rental days over personal days plus not in use days not in his days

Repairs and maintenance

Repairs and maintenance are expenses to keep your property up and running. They are deductible in the year that you incur them.

Repairs and maintenance days

Any day use been working at least eight hours maintaining your property. They are not counted as personal days. Speaking to tenants and realtors are also not personal use this.

Restoration

Replacing substantial structural part of your property or rebuilding a substantial portion of your property to like-new condition. Typically if more than 30% of the properties is changed is it a restoration.

Routine maintenance safe harbor

Expenses that qualify as retained maintenance are deductible in a single year. No dollar limites

Safe harbor for small taxpayers

You may currently deduct annual expenses for repairs maintenance improvements and other cost. limited to $1 million bill building limit subject to any minutes you can claim it some years and not others you need to document and attach something to your return

Schedule C

Vacation rental owners will use this form if they provide "hotel like" services. It is the form for "Profit or Loss From Business."

Schedule E

Most vacation rental owners will use this form. It is the form for "Supplemental Income and Loss, from rental real estate, royalties, partnerships, S corporations, etc"

Section 179 expensing

These IRS rules allow you to immediately write off long-term assets.

Self employment taxes

The self-employment tax rate is 15.3%. The rate consists of two parts: 12.4% for social security and 2.9% for Medicare.

Seperate credit card account

Use a separate credit card for rental activity expenses instead of mixing them on a personal card. Credit card interest is 100% deductible.

Seperate rental bank account

Set up a separate chicken count for your rental activity. This is one of the easiest things you can do to separate your personal and mental activity.

Short-term rental

Short-term is most commonly defined as less than 30 days.

Significant services

Hotel-like srevices provided for your guests' convenience.Maid service, Meals or snacks, laundry services, concierge services, transportation, amenities like linens, irons, hangers. If the services is more than 10% of the rental income.

Social security taxes

12.4% for Social Security

Substantial services

Same as Hotel-like services. Services that are provided for the guest's convenience. Such, as providing daily maid service. It is also be defined as "a material part (>10%) of the payments made by the tenant".

Substantially all test

If you did substantially all the work in activity during the year.

Tax cuts and jobs act (TCJA)

Changes to the tax code that took effect in 2018

Tax deferral

Tax deferral means that you put off or delay the payment of taxes. Eventually you will have to pay it, but you can move it to the future.

Tax reduction

Tax reduction permananetly reduces ithe amount of tax you need to pay.

Used as a residence

A dwelling unit is considered a residence if you used it personally for at least 34 days during the year. If used personally for more than 14 days or more than 10% of a number of days during which the property is rented for for a rental which ever is greater.

Vacation home rules

If you live in your property substantially more of the time then you write it out to others. Please see his chart.